Abstract
The bioactivity role of marine sponges Callyspongia fibrosa and Dysidea fragilis were explored in the current study. Seven strains of symbiotic microbial symbionts were isolated from the fresh samples of marine sponges, and their antimicrobial efficiency was evaluated. It is noted that the antibacterial potential of methanolic extracts of marine sponges towards Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed a higher inhibition zone compared to the standard antibiotic ampicillin. In the case of symbiotic bacterial strains, the isolated Yellow (Y) strain GPC exhibited the highest inhibition. In the antioxidant assay, the IC50 values were determined as 38.64 µg/ml and 199.26 µg/ml for Callysongia fibrosa and Dysidea fragilis. TLC was carried out using the chloroform and methanol (7:3) as the mobile phase, and completed chromatograms were then visualized in long UV (366 nm). The extracts of C. fibrosa produced three bands while D. fragilis produced only two bands at 0.4 cm and 9.5 cm, and the solvent front was 12.7 cm. The FT-IR analysis of crude methanol extracts of the sponges, Callyspongia fibrosa and Dysidea fragilis showed nearly 11 and 12 peaks, respectively. The peaks produced by C. fibrosa at 3350.33 cm-1, 1624.50 cm-1, 1091.41 cm-1, 1413.03 cm-1 and 1331.32 cm-1. Frequencies recorded were 3350.33 cm-1 displayed O-H stretching (alcohol), 1624.50 cm-1reported C=C stretchings, 1091.41 cm-1 exhibited C-O stretching (1◦ alcohol), 1413.03 cm-1showed O-H bending, and 1331.32 cm-1displayed C-H bending. In the case of D. fragilis frequencies, 3361.11 exhibited OH stretching, which indicates the presence of alcohol; peak at 1631.31 reported a C=C stretching and a CH bending was noted at 1331.32. The peak at 1095.67 reported a C-O stretching, indicating the presence of primary alcohol.
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